Types of water erosion pdf

Erosion is defined as the withering away of the surface of land by either rain or irrigation water, wind or ice. Water erosion water erosion causes two sets of problems. Running water deposits sediments where the slowing water can no longer move them. The loose and dissolved materials move from one location to another. Identify and describe the types of wind and water erosion.

This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice glaciers, snow, air wind, plants, animals, and humans. Water erosion is the removal and transportation of soil, sediment, or mineral components of a rock by a moving, liquid water source. Clay soils, even with larger material particles, are also easily eroded by water, yet clay appears to be more durable against the wind. Raindrops hit bare soil with enough force to break the soil aggregates. If the rainfall continues, water gathers on the ground, causing water flow on the land surface, known as surface water runoff tags. Moving water is the most important natural erosional agent. Erosion occurs when the earth wears away, by wind, ice, or most commonly, water. The more sandy a soil is, the easier it is for any of the elements to make off with it. Great bay siltationcommission december 1, 2008 steve couture nhdes rivers coordinator. Excessive erosion can threaten the production of agricultural and forest products. For students to print off, complete, and turn in for a grade types of water and wind erosion exercise pdf types of water and wind erosion. Erosion by water commonly occurs in two different geologic settings. Weathering is where rock is broken down and dissolved into tiny particles by chemical, physical and. No matter the differences, we humans can have a large impact on our water quality and erosion rates.

Rain splash only occurs if the rain falls with high intensity. Hydraulic action this is the sheer power of the water as it smashes against the river banks. However, water generated erosion is the most damaging factor, especially in developing areas. This is the type of erosion that results from runoff that spreads across the soil. Types of erosion environment, land and water queensland.

The five types of water erosion and techniques for minimizing them are outlined in table 11. After reading this article you will learn about wind erosion. The detached soil particles are subsequently transported by overland water flow. There are several types of water erosion that can cause difficulties for topsoil. While the causes of erosion by water are generally natural, we can play a large role in reducing water erosion, and preventing water pollution. Causes, effects and types of erosion water, wind, glacier. The wastage of the sea coast, or coastal erosion, is brought about mainly by the action of sea waves but also, in part, by the disintegration or degradation of sea cliffs by atmospheric agents such as rain, frost, and tidal scour. For example, when humans cut down too many trees and plants, the soil remains. This type of transport dominates on short slopes and on the. The processes are always occurring naturally throughout the world. Estimating sheet and rill erosion how, why, and by whom water erosion is estimated nrcs estimates soil erosion by water as part of its technical assistance to land users. The process may be natural or accelerated by human activity. The movement and relocation of topsoil by water is water erosion.

Soil erosion is a widespread problem in rural and urban queensland. Erosion is a natural process but is often intensified by human land use practices. Sheet erosion occurs when a very thin layer of surface dirt or soil is removed from a large area. The rock materials carried by erosion is the load of the river. Streams and rivers erosion commonly occurs along the bank of the stream. Thermal erosion is the result of melting and weakening permafrost due to moving water. Erosion is the wearing away of the earths surface by the action of natural forces, for example, water, wind and glacial ice. In conservation planning, erosion estimates are made for an existing management system and compared with alternative systems and with soil loss tolerance, t, values. The main types of water erosion and how to prevent them. The four types of erosion are sheet erosion, rill erosion, gully erosion and splash erosion. This process could be natural or facilitated by human activity.

Water erosion how to control the main types of erosion. This source could be a river, stream, coastline, rainfall, flood, channel, etc. For students to print off, complete, and turn in for a grade types of water and wind erosion exercise pdf. To control erosion at a construction site with an effective stormwater pollution prevention plan swppp and comply with stormwater discharge requirements, it is important for construction site operators and hse health, safety, environment managers to understand the five basic types of erosion.

Sheet erosion is the more or less uniform removal of soil. Differing soil types sand gravel loamy sand clay loam clay clay. Raindrop erosion is caused from so splash brought about by the impact of falling raindrops. Soil quality information sheet rangeland soil quality. Queenslands high intensity summer rainfalls represent a significant risk of erosion by water. Types of water erosion the four types of water erosion are as follows. Impact of rainfall per unit area is determined by the no.

Water erosion is usually caused by rainfall and runoff on a slope. The degree to which this happens depends on the size and speed of the falling raindrops. Raindrops fall at a speed of about 20 miles per hour. Hope my answer is correct its my first posting ever. The word erosion is derived from the latin rodere meaning to gnaw, the same root that gives us the word rodent. Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil, it is one form of soil degradation. Types and forms of erosion by water and by wind anne x 1 1.

The main agents of erosion are water, wind and gravity. Four types of water erosion there are four main types of water erosion. Deposition water speed as the speed of the water decreases, the waters ability to carry sediment also decreases. Value 1 this form of erosion is no longer visible after cultivation ploughing, hoeing etc. Like any natural process that takes place on land surfaces, the force of gravity plays a very important role. Three types of soil erosion are classified as water erosion, wind erosion, and tillage erosion. There are several causes of erosion, but water is the the main force followed by wind and ice. Water erosion is caused by the detachment and transport of soil by rainfall, runoff, melting snow or ice, and irrigation.

Low erosion potential, but once suspended its very difficult to settle. The magnitude of water erosion depends on many factors, including the type of soil, the steepness of the slope, and the amount of vegetation in the area. Spread evenly onto the ground, mulch helps to reduce water evaporation, control weeds, and enrich the soil. Impacts of erosion on soil, air, and water quality. If we want to save our soils, we need to understand the different types of erosion that can occur. Find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.

The north coasts high rainfall makes the regions soils vulnerable to water. Understanding different types of erosion, by water or wind, can help us protect our soils. Water erosion is a major factor in pennsylvania and will be discussed here. The rate of erosion may be very slow to very rapid. Sheet erosion soil erosion is characterised by the downslope removal of soil particles within a thin sheet of water. Erosion, removal of surface material from earths crust, primarily soil and rock debris, and the transportation of the eroded materials by natural agencies such as water or wind from the point of removal. Water erosion is when water moves soil and other natural materials from one spot to another. The removal of soil and rock material by water, wind, or frost. By the end of this section the studentuser will be able to. Water erosion is very simplistically speaking caused by rainfall, river flow, waves wave action, hydraulic action and abrasion, corrosion, glacier movement, thawing, etc.

Mulch, a type of protective covering which is in direct contact with the ground, provides more protection than canopy cover. This leaflet explains the different types of erosion on the north coast. It depends largely on the kind of rainfall found experienced at any particular time or place. Erosion control blankets are usually woven from a chosen material and are meant to slow down the speed at which water moves across the surface. However, watergenerated erosion is the most damaging factor, especially in developing areas. Erosion also breaks up the rocks that are carried by the river. It is the fairly uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface, often scarcely perceptible, especially when caused by wind. Outlines causes, types, and damages of errant water. Water is arguably the most powerful tool for erosion, thanks to its great ability to move objects from one location to another. Types of erosion river processes aqa gcse geography. They are freezethaw, biological, chemical, and exfoliation erosion.

Freezethaw erosion occurs when water seeps into cracks or. This load acts as a grinding tool helping in cutting the bottom and sides of the river bed, resulting in deepening and widening of the river channel. The thre types of water erosion is sheet erosion,rill erosion and gully erosion. There are other factors that erode the soil such as ice, temperature and the force exerted by the movement of the waves. Water erosion is the most prevalent kind of erosion. Four kinds of accelerated water erosion are commonly recognized. You may not see it taking place, but the next time there is a heavy rain, with permission, take a walk through your neighborhood. Differing soil types sand gravel loamy sand clay loam clay. A form of water erosion in which numerous very small and more or less.

Coastlines erosion that occurs on coastlines is due to the action of ocean currents, waves, and tides. Increasingly smaller particles settle out farther from the shore where the. Rain splash erosion happens when raindrops move the soil. Soil quality information sheet rangeland soil quality water erosion usda, natural resources conservation service may 2001 rangeland sheet 9 what is water erosion. This type of erosion starts as water flowing over the soil surface concentrates into small streams, creating channels of water flow. Three types of water erosion can occur, sheet, rill, and gully. Water erosion definition, types, examples and quiz. Water erosion is the detachment and removal of soil material by water. Water erosion comes in several different forms with various causes. Erosion and changes in the form of river banks may be measured by inserting metal rods into the bank and marking the position of the bank surface along the rods at different times. Soil quality information sheet rangeland soil quality water. This type of erosion is the first and most critical step in the entire process of water erosion. The types of erosion depend on the natural agent that causes the process, with water and wind being the most common elements.

Erosion may also impact water conveyance and storage structures, and contribute to pollution from land surfaces. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. Erosional and depositional landforms formed by the action. Erosion by water water is the most efficient and effective agent for erosion.

Interrill erosion includes the following sub types of water erosion. So, water erosion is the detachment and transport of soil material by water. Jan 09, 2012 there are seven types of water erosion. This erosion is the hardest to see, as a uniform soil layer is removed from an area over the surface. There are many different types of erosion control blankets, some that are synthetic and some that. Erosion preceded by the destruction of the crumb structure due to the impact of falling raindrop on the surface of soil is termed as splash erosion. It can vary from straw, to compost, to wood chips, or saw dust.

Sea wave erosion is accomplished primarily by hydraulic pressure, the impact of waves. Water erosion can occur at very low rates that may displace materials just a few centimeters, or at high rates that can cause a total. Deposition of the sediment removed by erosion is likely in any area where the velocity of running water is reducedbehind plants, litter, and rocks. When raindrops reach the soil, they detach soil particles. Types and forms of erosion by water and by wind food and. You will notice the rain water moving through areas like a stream carrying debris such. This article throws light upon the eight main types of water erosion. Aug 27, 2011 outlines causes, types, and damages of errant water. The material chosen is usually something with lots of ridges and obstructions for the water to slow down on. It is the fairly uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface, often. Susceptibility to wind erosion is related rather definitely to the moisture content of soils. An onsite loss of agricultural potential an offsite effect of downstream movement of sediment, causing flooding and the silting up of reservoirs.