After knowing the floral biology and botanical description of the crop,the next search is for breeding methods. Plant breeding breeding selfpollinated species britannica. The breeding methods that have proved successful with selfpollinated species are. Since cross pollinated species are naturally hybrid heterozygous for many traits and lose vigour as they become purebred homozygous, a. The value of hybrid cultivars was discovered through experiments with corn in the 192030s. Contents introduction characters of cross pollinated crops methods of breeding in cross pollinated crops mass selection progeny selection or eartorow method modified eartorow method recurrent selection hybrid varieties synthetic. Most crops are maintained by one of the following two systems. The method is generally used for handling segregation generation may be grouped into three categories. Early farmers discovered that some crop plants could be artificially mated or crosspollinated to increase yields. Pedigree refers to record of the ancestry of an individual selected plant. Breeding method for cross pollinated crop authorstream. In mass selection, a number of plants are selected on the basis of their phenotype, and the openpollinated seed from them is bulked together to raise. Individual plant progeny is selected from f2 and subsequent generations, and their progenies are tested.
Lec 18 back cross method and various modified methods 8999. Breeding crosspollinated and clonally propagated crops. The development of hybrid varieties differs from hybridization in that no attempt is made to produce a purebreeding population. Crosspollinating crops increase the complexity of the breeding. When inbreeding is practiced they show severe inbreeding depression. It is oldest method of selection and is useful in cross pollinated crops. Selection methods of selfpollination and normal cross. Jul 02, 2015 contents introduction characters of cross pollinated crops methods of breeding in cross pollinated crops mass selection progeny selection or eartorow method modified eartorow method recurrent selection hybrid varieties synthetic varieties breeding methods common for both self and cross pollinated crops. The differences in breeding methods depend on two important points. It is due to such reasons that imposition of selffertilization on cross pollinating crops leads to drastic reduction in their performance. The precise procedures will depend on the species involved, and any preexisting knowledge of the genetic control of the attributes phase 3. This article throws light upon the top three breeding methods used for crosspollinated crops.
Quantitative genetics and breeding methods download ebook. The breeding methods for crosspollinated crops are fundamentally of two types. Breeding systems for crosspollinated perennial grasses. This presentation mainly emphasis on the population improvement in cross pollinated crops, types of combining ability and production of synthetics and composites. Selfpollination, or more exactly almost full selfpollination, is the principle mating system found in grain crops and in many vegetables. In mass selection, a number of plants are selected on the basis of their phenotype, and the openpollinated seed from them is bulked together to raise the next generation. Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops authorstream. The second phase of the breeding program is to artificially hybridise or cross the identified parents to bring the genes for the desirable attributes together in the same hybrid individual.
Pedigree breeding is a method of genetic improvement of selfpollinated species. Request pdf breeding methods in crosspollinated species plant breeding is the genetic improvement of plants and is considered to be both a science and an art. Mass selection mass selection is the oldest breeding scheme available for crosspollinated crops. Inbred line development in cross pollinated crops inbred lines are homozygous genotypes produced by. As previously discussed, selfpollinated species have a genetic structure that has implication in the choice of methods for their improvement. Depending upon the mode of pollination the breeding methods also varies. Cross pollinated crops are usually marketed as hybr ids o r.
Breeding cross pollinated and clonally propagated crops. Population improvement programmes, recurrent selection. Method of plant breeding in cross pollinated plants. Students learn standard breeding methods and theories associated with selfpollinated and inbred crosspollinated crops, specifically, pedigree, bulk, singleseed descent, and. The commonly used breeding methods of selfpollinated plants were developed over a century ago in europe. Desirable characteristics from different parent plants could also be combined in the offspring. Breeding crosspollinated crops population structures selfpollinators mixture of homozygous lines a single homozygous line improve through cross, inbreed, select new. The second phase of the breeding program is to artificially hybridise or cross the identified parents to bring the genes for the desirable attributes together in the. Preface this book is specifically written for the undergraduate and post graduate students following the same syllabus of state agricultural universities and icar institutes. In addition to critiquing previously described breeding methods, we also describe a new breeding system that we are. Compared to self pollinated species, cross pollinated species differ in their gene pool structure, and in the extent of genetic recombination.
Breeding history in forage crops is less than 100 years old, and the breeding of amenity grasses has lasted for less than 50 years. Topics discussed include the common breeding methods used in improving crosspollinated crops and the theoretical basis for crosspollinated crop breeding. The text discusses gene manipulation in the crop plant and transfer of. Sc ag seed science and technology department of genetics and plant breeding shiats allahabad up. The farmer, every year, selects the best appearing plants in his field. Method of plant breeding in self pollinated plants. The breeding methods that have proved successful with self pollinated species are. The commonly used breeding methods of self pollinated plants were developed over a century ago in europe.
Methods of plant breeding these are dependent on the type of reproduction and pollination mechanisms in plants. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. A textbook which addresses both conventional and modern means of plant breeding like. This clearly demonstrated the difference between effect of selection in cross and selfpollinated crops. Ha yes, assisted hy lee alexander division of agronomy and farm management f1 crosses axd their parents at left, longfellow. It is rather a preadaptation of the wild ancestor, which considerably enhances its chance. Breeding methods in crop plants have been developed that exploit the reproductive genetic structure of particular crop populations. This book will be an indispensible guide and immensely helpful for jrf. Crosspollinated crops are usually marketed as hybr ids o r. Sc ag seed science and technology department of genetics and plant breeding. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. The mixed mating system means that breeding methods that are applied to selfpollinated crops are not suitable, or require modification, to be used for faba beans, while the intermediate level of crosspollination limits the applicability of breeding methods that are.
Nov 10, 2019 while methods for improving self pollinated species tend to focus on improving individual plants, improving cross pollinated species, on the other hand, tends to focus on improving a population of. The resulting seeds and plants are genetically unique. Breeding method in self pollinated crop breeding method in. Breeding methods in crosspollinated species request pdf.
In contrast, crosspollination is relatively rare in plants under domestication. Conventional plant breeding has been going on for hundreds of years, and is still commonly used today. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Despite differences between crops and between breeders, in all breeding. New breeding schemes x cross parents of different types evaluate for resistance. Open pollinated varieties of crops that are crosspollinated. Not all crops are purely self or crosspollinated, some are intermediate such as canola and the breeding techniques adjusted appropriately. For pdf versions of this and other seed publications, please visit us at. Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops cross pollinated crops.
In the modified eartorow procedure used in this experiment, 6 ears from. Lettuce breeding and genetics united states department of agriculture. Students learn about creating populations, recurrent selection methods, with and without progeny tests, and hybrid production practices. Most of our crops can be classified as cross pollinated or self pollinated cross pollinated means that an insect or wind normally carries pollen from one plant to another in order to fertilize it self pollinated means that the plant will pollinate and fertilize itself both types require that you crosstone plan with another in. While methods for improving selfpollinated species tend to focus on improving individual plants, improving crosspollinated species, on the other hand, tends to focus on improving a population of. The selfpollinated crop breeding course covers the common breeding methods used to improve selfpollinated crops and the theoretical basis for selfpollinated crops. Population improvement strategies for crop improvement. Selection methods in plant breeding based on mode of. Breeding selfpollinated crops study guide by temple777 includes 40 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more.
Oct 06, 2019 definition and introduction to plant breeding method, classificaton of plant breeding method on 1. Plant breeding plant breeding breeding selfpollinated species. Method of plant breeding in cross pollinated plants selection with progeny testing with progeny testing. Method of plant breeding in self pollinated plants pedigree. Recurrent selection is an important breeding method employed to improve the populations of crop plants particularly those of crosspollinated species.
Most of our crops can be classified as cross pollinated or self pollinated cross pollinated means that an insect or wind normally carries pollen from one plant to another in order to fertilize it self pollinated means that the plant will pollinate and fertilize itself both types require that. Quantitative genetics and breeding methods download. In this method of breeding, the best individuals with desired characters are selected on the basis of phenotypic performance in a source population. Basically, the selection procedure of the best progenies was optimized, particularly with the development of agricultural experimentation based on the publications of fisher.
Breeding methods for cross pollinated crops populations of cross pollinated crops are highly heterozygous. Top 3 breeding methods used for crosspollinated crops. There are a number of methods for choosing which plants will. The main methods used for breeding selfpollinated crops, and described here, are the pedigree, multiple cross, bulk, backcross, and single seed descent. Plant breeding david luckett and gerald halloran what is.
Nilsson and his associates in sweedish seed association, svalof sweeden 1890 refined. Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops breeding methods population improvement hybrid and synthetic varieties used to increase the a variable no. Hybridization, breeding and hybrid cultivars saifood. Mass selection and pure line selection cannot be applied to segregating population. In mass selection, a number of plants are selected on the basis of their phenotype, and the open pollinated seed from them is bulked together to raise the next generation. Breeding cross pollinated crops 1 breeding cross pollinated crops 2 cultivar development in cross pollinated species. Early farmers discovered that some crop plants could be artificially mated or cross pollinated to increase yields. Only a few such as maize, rye, pearl millet, buckwheat, or. The mixed mating system means that breeding methods that are applied to self pollinated crops are not suitable, or require modification, to be used for faba beans, while the intermediate level of cross pollination limits the applicability of breeding methods that are used for highly outcrossed crops such as maize 20. Top 3 methods used in self pollinated crops breeding methods. The majority of the 5060 main grain crops of the world are predominantly selfpollinated.
Click download or read online button to get quantitative genetics and breeding methods book now. This means that pollen travels from one plant to fertilize an egg in another plant. Definition and introduction to plant breeding method, classificaton of plant breeding method on 1. Selective breeding the intentional crossing of two. The most important methods of breeding cross pollinated species are 1 mass selection. Recurrent selection is an important breeding method employed to improve the populations of crop plants particularly those of cross pollinated species. Some examples of cross pollinated crops are alfalfa, rye. It is due to such reasons that imposition of selffertilization on crosspollinating crops leads to drastic reduction in their performance.
Breeding methods in crop plants have been developed that exploit the re productive and genetic. In this method initial plants are selected on the basis of their phenotype, but the final selection of plant based on progeny test. Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops the most important methods of breeding crosspollinated species are 1 mass selection. Plant breeding plant breeding breeding self pollinated species. Lettuce breeding and genetics united states department of. Method of plant breeding in self pollinated plants pedigree methods. Only those breeding and selection methods are suitable for a crop which does not interfere with its natural state or ensure the maintenance of such a state.
Ppt breeding crosspollinated crops powerpoint presentation. Introduction to onfarm organic plant breeding organic seed. This method includes progeny selection on ear to row method and recurrent selection. Because of these advantages, synthetic varieties have become increasingly favoured in the growing of many species, such as the forage crops, in which expense prohibits the development or use of hybrid varieties. In mass selection, seeds are collected from usually a few dozen to a few hundred desirable appearing individuals in a population, and the next generation is sown from the stock of mixed seed. Mass selection mass selection is the oldest breeding scheme available for cross pollinated crops. Review paper on approaches in developing inbred lines in. Breeding method in self pollinated crop breeding method. The invention relates to the field of crop selection and crop breeding, particularly to selection methods for breeding colony varieties of crops. Method of plant breeding in self pollinated plants pedigree methods mass selection and pure line selection cannot be applied to segregating population. Only a few such as maize, rye, pearl millet, buckwheat, or scarlet runner bean are crosspollinated. The difficulty of all methods of selection under openpollinated.
Feb 12, 2018 this feature is not available right now. Cross pollination an overview sciencedirect topics. In other words, selfpollination in grain crops did not evolve under domestication. So to avoid inbreeding depression and its undesirable effects, the breeding methods in the crop is designed in such a way that there will be a minimum inbreeding. Jul 02, 2015 selection method in cross pollinated crops 3. Specific objectives theory by the end of the course, the students will be able to i. For selection of a new variety from a segregating population after hybridization the methods followed in selfpollinated crop are of three types. Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops slideshare. Second edition breeding for quantitative traits in plants. Method of plant breeding in cross pollinated plants selection with progeny testing. In contrast to crosspollination, both these reproductive systems are effective in bringing about immediate fixation of desired genotypes.
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